Talking about testicular health might feel a bit uncomfortable, but it's important. Testicular cancer is rare, yet it's the most common cancer in young men aged 20-34. Knowing how to recognize the signs and being proactive with self-exams could make all the difference in catching it early. So, let’s cover the essentials with a balance of practicality and easy-to-follow advice.
What Is Testicular Cancer?
Testicular cancer develops in the testes—the glands responsible for producing sperm and testosterone. Although it accounts for less than 1% of all cancers in men, it's highly treatable if detected early, so it’s worth being aware.
Who’s at Higher Risk?
While anyone can develop testicular cancer, there are certain factors that increase the likelihood:
- Undescended Testes: If a testicle didn’t descend before birth, the risk is higher.
- Family History: Having a family member who’s had testicular cancer can increase your risk.
- Previous Diagnosis: If you’ve had cancer in one testicle, you may be more likely to develop it in the other.
- Age: It’s most common between ages 20 and 34.
- Race: White men have a higher rate of testicular cancer than Black men.
Knowing your risk factors isn’t meant to cause worry but rather to help you be proactive about your health.
Recognizing Symptoms
Understanding the signs of testicular cancer can make a big difference. Here’s what to keep in mind:
- Painless Lump: The most common symptom is a lump or swelling in one testicle. Even if it’s painless, get it checked out.
- Heaviness or Ache: Some men experience a feeling of heaviness in the scrotum or a dull ache in the abdomen or groin.
- Breast Tenderness: Sometimes, hormonal changes from a tumor can cause breast sensitivity or growth.
- Other Symptoms: If the cancer has spread, you might experience back pain, abdominal pain, or shortness of breath. If you notice these, see a healthcare provider.
It’s easy to overlook or dismiss these signs, but your health is worth paying attention to.
How to Perform a Self-Exam
A self-exam is a quick, simple way to catch any changes. Here’s a guide to doing it correctly:
- Timing: Perform a self-exam once a month, ideally after a warm shower when the scrotum is relaxed.
- Check Each Testicle: Look in the mirror and examine one testicle at a time. Gently roll it between your fingers, feeling for any lumps, changes in size, or tenderness.
- Repeat on the Other Side: Do the same with the other testicle. If you feel anything unusual, it’s a good idea to contact a healthcare provider.
Think of it as a regular check-in—one that only takes a minute but can have a big impact.
Diagnosis and Treatment
If a doctor suspects testicular cancer, they may perform an ultrasound and blood tests to confirm. Testicular cancer is highly treatable, especially if detected early, and common treatments include:
- Surgery: Often, the affected testicle is removed.
- Chemotherapy or Radiation: These may be used depending on whether the cancer has spread.
Most men recover fully, so while a diagnosis can feel overwhelming, there are effective treatments available.
Bottom Line
Testicular cancer is rare, but it’s important to be aware of your body and recognize any unusual changes. A monthly self-exam can help you catch signs early, and early detection has a high success rate. So, take the time to check in with your health—it’s worth it.
Feel free to share this information with others. Sometimes, a simple conversation can make a difference in someone else’s health journey.
By Dr. M. Odhiambo
